Historical Events on this Day in History - per Wikipedia
July 12
- 927 – Æthelstan, King of England, secures a pledge from Constantine II of Scotland that the latter will not ally with Viking kings, beginning the process of unifying Great Britain.
- 1191 – Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Conrad of Montferrat, ending the two-year siege of Acre.
- 1543 – King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace.
- 1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatan, burns the sacred books of the Maya.
- 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.
- 1690 – Battle of the Boyne (Julian calendar) – The armies of William III defeat those of the former James II.
- 1691 – Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar) – The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland.
- 1790 – The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the National Constituent Assembly.
- 1804 – Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies a day after being shot in a duel.
- 1806 – Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
- 1812 – War of 1812: the United States invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
- 1843 – Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, allegedly receives a revelation wherein Jesus Christ proclaims anyone who rejects polygamy will suffer damnation and will not "be permitted to enter into my glory".
- 1862 – The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress.
- 1879 – The National Guards Unit of Bulgaria is founded.
- 1913 – Second Balkan War: Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
- 1917 – The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona.
- 1918 – The Japanese Imperial Navy battleship Kawachi blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.
- 1920 – The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty is signed. Soviet Russia recognises independent Lithuania.
- 1932 – Hedley Verity takes a cricket world record 10 wickets for 10 runs in a county match for Yorkshire
- 1943 – World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka – German and Soviet forces engage in the largest tank engagement of all time.
- 1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the explusion of Palestinians from the towns of Lod and Ramla.
- 1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
- 1961 – Pune floods due to failure of the Khadakwasla and Panshet dams. Half of Pune is submerged, more than 100,000 families need to be relocated and the death tally exceeds 2,000.
- 1962 – The Rolling Stones perform their first ever concert, at the Marquee Club in London.
- 1967 – The Newark riots began in Newark, New Jersey.
- 1970 – A fire consumes the wooden home of Norwegian composer Geirr Tveitt and irretrievably destroys about 90 percent of his output.
- 1971 – The Australian Aboriginal flag is flown for the first time.
- 1973 – A fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
- 1975 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
- 1979 – The island nation of Kiribati becomes independent from Great Britain.
- 1979 – Disco Demolition Night at Comiskey Park Chicago, IL
- 2006 – The Hezbollah initiate Operation True Promise.
- 2007 – U.S. Army Apache helicopters perform airstrikes in Baghdad, Iraq; footage from the cockpit is later leaked to the Internet.
- 2011 – Neptune completes its first orbit since its discovery on September 23, 1846.
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